General Microsurgery

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General Microsurgery

Dr. Nilesh Satbhai has years of experience performing microsurgery procedures and uses only the latest techniques and technology. Dr. Nilesh offers a wide range of services, from tissue transfer to composite tissue transplantation, to meet your needs.

What is General Microsurgery?

Microsurgery is a mechanism used by many plastic surgeons to perform specific procedures, including tissue transfer from one part of the body to another (free tissue transfer), reattachment of several parts (replantation), and composite tissue transplantation.

Microsurgery is a surgical procedure that combines magnification with advanced diploscopes, specialized precision tools, and various other operating techniques. These techniques are mainly used to anastomose small blood vessels (arteries and veins) and to close the nerves together.

Microsurgery is indicated when the surgical procedure to be performed is too delicate or complex to be carried out by conventional surgical means.

Procedures involved in General Microsurgery

Various procedures involved in microsurgery are:

  • AV fistula management
  • Local and regional flaps
  • Perforator flaps
  • Bone and soft tissue reconstruction following trauma

AV fistula management

An arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is not a normal connection between an artery and a vein. Sometimes, arteriovenous fistula is present at birth (congenital), or it may develop after birth, and sometimes they are the result of an injury (acquired).

Indication

The most common indication for the creation of an arteriovenous (AV) fistula is renal failure which requires chronic hemodialysis. It is performed to create a native fistula, although prosthetic material may be needed if a suitable vein is not available.

Some of the common forms of arteriovenous fistulas are:

  • Acquired arteriovenous fistulas are usually not present at birth. They happen when a sharp object goes through your body tissue, such as during a gunshot or stabbing injury.
  • Arteriovenous fistulas in the neck or face cause swelling and abnormal pulsing. They hardly cause any serious problems with brain development.
  • Dural arteriovenous fistulas happen within the dura, which covers the brain.
  • Peripheral arteriovenous fistulas take place outside of the head, neck, and spine.
  • Pial or cerebral arteriovenous fistulas happen in the brain.
  • Spinal arteriovenous fistulas occur in or next to the spinal cord.

AV fistula treatment

Arteriovenous fistulas can be treated with endovascular embolization, microsurgery, or stereotactic radiosurgery.

  1. Endovascular embolization: The most common form of treatment for an arteriovenous fistula. EE procedure is performed by placing a catheter into an artery (usually the femoral artery in the front of the hip). Then, with the help of fluoroscopic or X-ray imaging, your surgeon will move it to the location of the fistula. Once the connection between the artery and the vein is closed, the AVF is cured and usually does not reoccur.

  2. Microsurgery: Microsurgery is the most suitable treatment for a dural, brain, or spinal AVF, either alone or in combination with endovascular embolization. Dr. Nilesh Satbhai can tell you before the treatment if microsurgery will be necessary. With microsurgery, neurosurgery is also performed to visualize the AVF under a microscope and Dr. Nilesh Satbhai will place a titanium clip over the abnormal connection to prevent blood from flowing abnormally from the artery to the vein. During the procedure, Dr. Nilesh Satbhai can see the abnormal blood flow stop, and the abnormal vein changes from red (when it is carrying arterial blood) to blue, which is the normal color of veins. Immediately after the procedure, Dr. Nilesh Satbhai usually performs an angiogram to confirm that the AVF has been completely treated.

Benefits of AV fistula management

Following are a few of the most important benefits of this treatment:

  • Provides good blood flow for dialysis
  • Increases the effectiveness
  • Reduces treatment time

Risks of AV fistula management

As with any surgery, there are certain risks associated with AV fistula management. However, these risks are usually rare and can be effectively managed by Dr. Nilesh Satbhai . Some of the most common risks of AV fistula management include:

  • Infection
  • Bleeding
  • Blood clots

Local and regional flaps

Local flaps are those that are derived from the immediate area of resection, that is, local flaps are the use of tissue adjacent to the defect.

Common examples of these include:

  • Buccal pad of fat flap
  • Nasolabial flap
  • Facial artery musculomucosal (FAMM) flap

These types of flaps are advanced, transposed, or rotated into position and supplied by either an axial pattern or a random pattern.

Regional flaps are defined as those that are located near a defect but are not in immediate proximity. Regional flaps are frequently harvested from the neck, chest, or axilla.

Common examples of these include:

  • Pedicled latissimus dorsi flap
  • Pectoralis major flap
  • Deltopectoral flap

Goals of local and regional flaps

  • Adequate color match
  • Adequate thickness (to avoid protrusion or deficiencies)
  • Preservation of clinically perceivable sensory innervation
  • Sufficient laxity (to avoid deranged function or retraction)

Risks of local and regional flaps

Although all surgeries come with risks, those associated with local and regional flaps are relatively rare. Dr. Nilesh Satbhai is skilled in managing these risks so that patients can feel reassured about their surgery. Some of the most common potential complications include:

  • Infection
  • Persistent pain
  • Muscle weakness

Perforator flaps

Perforator flap surgery is a surgical technique used in reconstructive surgery where subcutaneous tissue or skin is removed from an adjacent or distant part of your body to reconstruct the part which is excised.

The vessels that supply blood to the flap are isolated perforators which are derived from a deep vascular system through your underlying muscle or intermuscular septa. Some of the perforators can have a mixed septal and intramuscular course before reaching the skin.

  • Septal perforator: A perforator that only traverses through the septum to supply the underlying skin is called a septal perforator.

  • Muscle perforator: A flap that is vascularised by a perforator traversing only through muscle to supply the underlying skin is called a muscle perforator.

Based on their vascular supply, these can be classified into direct and indirect perforators.

Direct perforators: Direct perforators pierce the deep fascia, they don’t traverse any other structural tissue.

Indirect perforators: Indirect perforators, before piercing the deep fascia, first run through the other structures.

Method of application

Free perforator flaps A free flap is defined as a mass of tissue that has been taken away from the original site to be used in tissue transplantation. When your surgeon uses a free flap, the blood supply is cut and the pedicle reattached to the recipient’s vessels, performing a microsurgical anastomosis.

Pedicled perforator flaps Pedicled perforator flaps are transferred either by translation (also called “advancement”) technique or rotation technique.

Advantages of perforator flap

  • Allows collection of tissue without scarifying the underlying muscles decreased postoperative pain
  • Accelerated rehabilitation

Indications of perforator flap

  • The need to cover exposed vital components such as vessels, tendons, joint surfaces, and bone free from the periosteum.
  • The need to reestablish function.
  • The need to restore structure and shape, like after a mastectomy.

Risks factors of perforator flap

Perforator flaps come with a small risk of complications. Dr. Nilesh Satbhai is an expert in mitigating these risks so that patients may rest easy during their surgery. The following are some of the potential risks of perforator flap:

  • Sepsis
  • Peripheral vascular disease
  • Possible respiratory problems

Bone and soft tissue reconstruction following trauma

The following procedures can be done for bone and soft tissue reconstruction after trauma.

Soft tissue reconstruction

The most commonly used tissue flaps for reconstruction are:

Fasciocutaneous flaps The anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap is the most popular flap for many reasons. The ALT provides extensive coverage, making it ideal for most defects.

Muscle flaps The latissimus dorsi (LD) flap, which is based on the largest muscle in the body, is used when a large amount of tissue and muscle is needed.

Bone stabilization

Bone fixation can be done by:

  • Plaster immobilization: When the bone is not displaced, it can be treated by plaster casting or splinting. The plaster cast is usually applied for 4 to 6 weeks till the bone heals.
  • External fixator: An external fixator is a metal frame that is attached to the bone with pins or screws. The frame holds the bone in place until it heals.
  • Internal fixation: Internal fixation is a surgery in which metal screws, plates, or rods are used to hold the bone in place internally.

Fractures in cases of remarkable or persistent bone contamination should be treated with external fixation until the bone has healed fully.

How is the recovery after General Microsurgery?

During the first few days after surgery, it is normal to experience some pain and discomfort. Dr. Nilesh Satbhai will prescribe pain medication to help manage any discomfort. It is important to keep the surgical incisions clean and dry during this time. Dr. Nilesh Satbhai will provide specific instructions on how to care for your incisions.

The rehabilitation and recovery process after general microsurgery will vary depending on the individual case. It is important to follow Dr. Nilesh Satbhai ’s post-operative instructions carefully to ensure a smooth and successful recovery.

Most patients can return to work and their normal activities within a few weeks. However, it is important to avoid strenuous activity during the initial recovery period. Dr. Nilesh Satbhai will provide specific instructions on when you can resume your normal activities.

It is important to keep all follow-up appointments with Dr. Nilesh Satbhai . During these appointments, Dr. Nilesh Satbhai will monitor your recovery and ensure that you are healing properly.

What is the cost of General Microsurgery in Mumbai?

The cost of general microsurgery in Mumbai will depend on the type of procedure you need, the location of the procedure, and whether or not you have insurance. During the consultation, Dr. Nilesh Satbhai will go over the expected costs with you.

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General Microsurgery

Get The Best Results With Microsurgery In Mumbai

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Meet the Doctor

MBBS, MS, MCh

Dr. Nilesh Satbhai
Dr. Nilesh Satbhai is a highly experienced and skillful plastic surgeon who has dedicated his career to helping patients feel at ease with their bodies. He completed his Plastic Surgery training at the prestigious Seth G. S. Medical College and K.E.M Hospital in Mumbai, after which he went on to earn his fellowship in various subfields of plastic and reconstructive surgery. Dr. Nilesh is a caring professional who takes the time to get to know his patients and understand their individual needs and goals. He is committed to providing the highest quality care possible and strives to make every patient feel comfortable and confident in their decision to undergo treatment. If you are considering plastic or reconstructive surgery, Dr. Nilesh Satbhai is a trusted surgeon who can provide you with the results you desire.
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